Lab 8: shell integration

Agenda
* starting Vim - command line arguments
* calling native commands
* filtering text with a native command
* creating scripts with Vim
* usage examples

# command line arguments
vim [file]...         start vim with the supplied files loaded into buffers
vim -- [file]...      nothing past the "--" will be interpreted as flags
[cmd] | vim -         run [cmd] and load the resulting output into vim

vim -h                vim startup flags quick help
:help starting.txt    vim startup arguments full help
:help arguments       vim startup arguments full help

vim -o [file]...      open the files in a horizontal split
vim -O [file]...      open the files in a vertical split
vim -o[n] [file]...   open a horizontal split with [n] panes             
vim -O[n] [file]...   open a vertical split with [n] panes 

vim -c [cmd]          run ex-command on startup
vim --cmd [cmd]       run ex-command on startup

vim +                 jump to last line on startup
vim +[n]              jump to line [n] on startup
vim +[cmd]            run ex-command on startup

vim --clean           don't load the vimrc, use the defaults instead
vim -u [vimrc]        specify which vimrc to use

# embedded terminal
:terminal              open a terminal (horizontal split)
:term                  open a terminal (horizontal split)
:vertical terminal     open a terminal (vertical split)
:vert term             open a terminal (vertical split)


# interacting with the shell
:![cmd]                call a native command
:!!                    repeat last shell command

:read ![cmd]           call a native command, insert output at cursor position
:0read ![cmd]          call a native command, insert output at document start
:$read ![cmd]          call a native command, append output to document
:[n]read ![cmd]        call a native command, insert output at line [n]
:write ![cmd]          call a native command with the document as its input
:[range]write ![cmd]   call a native command with the range as its input

:%![cmd]               filter document through a native command
:.![cmd]               filter a single line through a native command
:[n],[m]![cmd]         filter lines [n] to [m] through a native command

![motion][cmd]         filter lines demarcated by [motion] through a shell cmd
!![cmd]                filter cusor line through a native command
[n]!!                  filter [n] lines through a native command

:!echo %               use % to pass the name of current file to shell
:w | !clear; ./%       save file, clear terminal, then run the current file

K                      open man page for word under cursor
gf                     open file under cursor (go to file)

:help filter                help page for filters
:help filename-modifiers    help page for filename-modifiers
:help %:                    help page for filename-modifiers